This is an additional share given to existing shareholders free of charge.It is normally allotted in proportion of the existing shareholding.so,it is popular to hear of one for one 1:1 or one for two i.e 1:2 or one for four i.e 1:4 etc. A one for one bonus declaration by a company means that for every unit share held previously by a shareholder will attract another unit to itself(free of charge).This means that shareholder who hold 10,000 unit of company "X" at the declaration of 1:1 bonus will now have 20,000 units of that company's shares.Thus,implies that one has a gain of 100% from one's investment excluding capital appreciation and dividend that one may be entitled to at same time.